Additionally, the Roman governor of Judaea, Pontius Pilate required verification of Jesus’s death before the body could be released for burial ( Mark 15:45). 5 Accordingly, before Jesus’s body was taken down a spear was driven through his chest ( John 19:34). Prior to the body being released, it was likely common for the executioners to administer a coup de grâce to assure the victim was dead. In most cases, the corpse was left on the cross to be eaten by scavenging animals, 4 but upon request it could be obtained for burial instead. They then nailed the victim’s feet to the stipes.
After nailing the victim’s hands to the patibulum, they lifted it with the victim attached and placed it on top of the stationary vertical section (the stipes) secured by a mortise and tenon joint. Roman executioners forced the condemned victim to carry the short, horizontal section of the cross (the patibulum) to the execution site. This title heightened the ire of his Roman executioners who would have perceived Jesus’s crime as defiance of Caesar ( Mark 15:16–20). Jesus was sentenced to death as a political insurgent: “the King of the Jews” ( Matthew 27:37). 2 Jesus’s beatings were doubly severe since he was beaten at the home of the Jewish High Priest before being delivered to the Romans for scourging prior to crucifixion ( Matthew 26:67). Multiple soldiers participated in scourging the victim. Scourges were made of leather strips with lead balls sown into the ends. The crucifixion process began with the condemned being placed in the custody of a specialized team consisting of a group of soldiers supervised by a centurion. Later, in part 2, we’ll examine the physical characteristics of the cloth, its age, and how the image may have formed. In this post, we’ll focus not on the Shroud of Turin’s origins but rather on a medical description of the man whose image it bears, including a forensic analysis and a comparison to known Roman crucifixion practices. Others wonder whether it’s merely an elaborate hoax. Many believe it to be the cloth used to wrap Jesus’s body after crucifixion. 1 Controversy surrounds the Shroud of Turin. It’s a linen cloth containing the front and back images of a crucified man matching the biblical descriptions of Jesus. The Shroud of Turin is a relic extraordinaire.
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